Astral projection (or astral travel) is a term used in esotericism to describe an intentional out-of-body experience (OBE)[ that assumes the existence of a soul or consciousness called an "astral body" that is separate from the physical body and capable of travelling outside it throughout the universe.
The idea of astral travel is ancient and occurs in multiple cultures. The modern terminology of 'astral projection' was coined and promoted by 19th century Theosophists
It is sometimes reported in association with dreams, and forms of meditation. Some individuals have reported perceptions similar to descriptions of astral projection that were induced through various hallucinogenic and hypnotic means (including self-hypnosis).
There is no scientific evidence that there is a consciousness or soul which is separate from normal neural activity or that one can consciously leave the body and make observations, and astral projection has been characterized as a pseudoscience
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Monday, July 8, 2019
Sororities
Sororities began to develop in 1851 with the formation of the Adelphean Society Alpha Delta Pi, though fraternity-like organizations for women didn't take their current form until the establishment of Pi Beta Phi in 1867 and Kappa Alpha Theta in 1870.
The term "sorority" was invented by a professor of Latin who felt the word "fraternity" was inappropriate for a group of ladies.
The first organization to use the term "sorority" was Gamma Phi Beta, established in 1874. The development of "fraternities for women" during this time was a major accomplishment in the way of women's rights and equality.
By mere existence, these organizations were defying the odds; the founding women were able to advance their organizations despite many factors working against them.
The first "Women's Fraternities" not only had to overcome "restrictive social customs, unequal status under the law and the underlying presumption that they were less able than men," but at the same time had to deal with the same challenges as fraternities with college administrations.
Today, both social and multicultural sororities are present on more than 650 college campuses across the United States and Canada.
The National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) serves as the "umbrella organization" for 26 (inter)national sororities.
Founded in 1902, the NPC is one of the oldest and largest women's membership organizations, representing more than 4 million women at 655 college/university campuses and 4,500 local alumnae chapters in the U.S. and Canada
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The term "sorority" was invented by a professor of Latin who felt the word "fraternity" was inappropriate for a group of ladies.
The first organization to use the term "sorority" was Gamma Phi Beta, established in 1874. The development of "fraternities for women" during this time was a major accomplishment in the way of women's rights and equality.
By mere existence, these organizations were defying the odds; the founding women were able to advance their organizations despite many factors working against them.
The first "Women's Fraternities" not only had to overcome "restrictive social customs, unequal status under the law and the underlying presumption that they were less able than men," but at the same time had to deal with the same challenges as fraternities with college administrations.
Today, both social and multicultural sororities are present on more than 650 college campuses across the United States and Canada.
The National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) serves as the "umbrella organization" for 26 (inter)national sororities.
Founded in 1902, the NPC is one of the oldest and largest women's membership organizations, representing more than 4 million women at 655 college/university campuses and 4,500 local alumnae chapters in the U.S. and Canada
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Early history of Freemasonry
The first fraternity in North America to incorporate most of the elements of modern fraternities was Phi Beta Kappa, founded at the College of William and Mary in 1775.
The founding of Phi Beta Kappa followed the earlier establishment of two other secret student societies that had existed at that campus as early as 1750.
In 1779 Phi Beta Kappa expanded to include chapters at Harvard and Yale. By the early 19th century, the organization transformed itself into a scholastic honor society and abandoned secrecy.
In 1825, Kappa Alpha Society, the oldest extant fraternity to retain its social characteristic, was established at Union College.
In 1827, Sigma Phi and Delta Phi were also founded at the same institution,[4] creating the Union Triad. The further birthing of Psi Upsilon (1833), Chi Psi (1841) and Theta Delta Chi (1847) collectively established Union College as the Mother of Fraternities.
It should also be noted that the social fraternity Chi Phi, although officially formed in 1854, traces its roots to 1824, and oldest.org considers it the oldest social fraternity.
Fraternities represented the intersection between dining clubs, literary societies and secret initiatory orders such as Freemasonry.
Their early growth was widely opposed by university administrators, though the increasing influence of fraternity alumni, as well as several high-profile court cases, succeeded in largely muting opposition by the 1880s.
The first fraternity meeting hall, or lodge, seems to have been that of the Alpha Epsilon chapter of Chi Psi at the University of Michigan in 1845, leading to a tradition in that fraternity to name its buildings "lodges".
As fraternity membership was punishable by expulsion at many colleges at this time, the house was located deep in the woods.
The first residential chapter home, built by a fraternity, is believed to have been Alpha Delta Phi's chapter at Cornell, with groundbreaking dated to 1878.
Alpha Tau Omega became the first fraternity to own a residential house in the South when, in 1880, its chapter at the University of the South acquired one.
Chapters of many fraternities followed suit, purchasing and less often, building them with support of alumni. Phi Sigma Kappa's chapter home at Cornell, completed in 1902, is the oldest such house still occupied by its fraternal builders
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The founding of Phi Beta Kappa followed the earlier establishment of two other secret student societies that had existed at that campus as early as 1750.
In 1779 Phi Beta Kappa expanded to include chapters at Harvard and Yale. By the early 19th century, the organization transformed itself into a scholastic honor society and abandoned secrecy.
In 1825, Kappa Alpha Society, the oldest extant fraternity to retain its social characteristic, was established at Union College.
In 1827, Sigma Phi and Delta Phi were also founded at the same institution,[4] creating the Union Triad. The further birthing of Psi Upsilon (1833), Chi Psi (1841) and Theta Delta Chi (1847) collectively established Union College as the Mother of Fraternities.
It should also be noted that the social fraternity Chi Phi, although officially formed in 1854, traces its roots to 1824, and oldest.org considers it the oldest social fraternity.
Fraternities represented the intersection between dining clubs, literary societies and secret initiatory orders such as Freemasonry.
Their early growth was widely opposed by university administrators, though the increasing influence of fraternity alumni, as well as several high-profile court cases, succeeded in largely muting opposition by the 1880s.
The first fraternity meeting hall, or lodge, seems to have been that of the Alpha Epsilon chapter of Chi Psi at the University of Michigan in 1845, leading to a tradition in that fraternity to name its buildings "lodges".
As fraternity membership was punishable by expulsion at many colleges at this time, the house was located deep in the woods.
The first residential chapter home, built by a fraternity, is believed to have been Alpha Delta Phi's chapter at Cornell, with groundbreaking dated to 1878.
Alpha Tau Omega became the first fraternity to own a residential house in the South when, in 1880, its chapter at the University of the South acquired one.
Chapters of many fraternities followed suit, purchasing and less often, building them with support of alumni. Phi Sigma Kappa's chapter home at Cornell, completed in 1902, is the oldest such house still occupied by its fraternal builders
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Fraternities and sororities
Fraternities and sororities are social organizations at colleges and universities. A form of the social fraternity, they are prominent in the United States and the Philippines, with much smaller numbers existing in France, Canada, and elsewhere.
Similar organizations exist in other countries as well, including the Studentenverbindungen of German-speaking countries. Similar, but much less common, organizations also exist for secondary school students, as do fraternal orders for other adults.
In modern usage, "Greek letter organization" is often synonymous with the terms "fraternity" and "sorority".
Two additional types of fraternities, professional fraternities and honor societies, incorporate some limited elements of traditional fraternity organization, but are generally considered a different type of association.
Traditional fraternities of the type described in this article are often called "social fraternities". Generally, membership in a fraternity or sorority is obtained as an undergraduate student but continues, thereafter, for life.
Some of these organizations can accept graduate students as well as undergraduates, per constitutional provisions.
Individual fraternities and sororities vary in organization and purpose, but most share five common elements: Secrecy Single-sex membership Selection of new members on the basis of a two-part vetting and probationary process known as rushing and pledging Ownership and occupancy of a residential property where undergraduate members live
A set of complex identification symbols that may include Greek letters, armorial achievements, ciphers, badges, grips, hand signs, passwords, flowers and colors Fraternities and sororities engage in philanthropic activities, host parties, provide "finishing" training for new members such as instruction on etiquette, dress and manners, and create networking opportunities for their newly graduated members.
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Similar organizations exist in other countries as well, including the Studentenverbindungen of German-speaking countries. Similar, but much less common, organizations also exist for secondary school students, as do fraternal orders for other adults.
In modern usage, "Greek letter organization" is often synonymous with the terms "fraternity" and "sorority".
Two additional types of fraternities, professional fraternities and honor societies, incorporate some limited elements of traditional fraternity organization, but are generally considered a different type of association.
Traditional fraternities of the type described in this article are often called "social fraternities". Generally, membership in a fraternity or sorority is obtained as an undergraduate student but continues, thereafter, for life.
Some of these organizations can accept graduate students as well as undergraduates, per constitutional provisions.
Individual fraternities and sororities vary in organization and purpose, but most share five common elements: Secrecy Single-sex membership Selection of new members on the basis of a two-part vetting and probationary process known as rushing and pledging Ownership and occupancy of a residential property where undergraduate members live
A set of complex identification symbols that may include Greek letters, armorial achievements, ciphers, badges, grips, hand signs, passwords, flowers and colors Fraternities and sororities engage in philanthropic activities, host parties, provide "finishing" training for new members such as instruction on etiquette, dress and manners, and create networking opportunities for their newly graduated members.
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College Secret Societies
Many student societies established on university campuses in the United States have been considered secret societies.
Perhaps one of the most famous secret collegiate societies is Skull and Bones at Yale University. The influence of undergraduate secret societies at colleges such as Harvard College, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, the University of Chicago, the University of Virginia, Georgetown University, New York University, and Wellesley College has been publicly acknowledged, if anonymously and circumspectly, since the 19th century.
British Universities, too, have a long history of secret societies or quasi-secret societies, such as The Pitt Club at Cambridge University, Bullingdon Club at Oxford University, and the 16' Club at St David's College.
Another British secret society is the Cambridge Apostles, founded as an essay and debating society in 1820. In France, Vandermonde is the secret society of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.
Notable examples in Canada[citation needed] include Episkopon at the University of Toronto's Trinity College, and the Society of Thoth at the University of British Columbia. Secret societies are disallowed in a few colleges.
The Virginia Military Institute has rules that no cadet may join a secret society, and secret societies have been banned at Oberlin College from 1847 to the present, and at Princeton University since the beginning of the 20th century. Confraternities in Nigeria are secret-society like student groups within higher education.
The exact death toll of confraternity activities is unclear. One estimate in 2002 was that 250 people had been killed in campus cult-related murders in the previous decade, while the Exam Ethics Project lobby group estimated that 115 students and teachers had been killed between 1993 and 2003.
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Perhaps one of the most famous secret collegiate societies is Skull and Bones at Yale University. The influence of undergraduate secret societies at colleges such as Harvard College, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, the University of Chicago, the University of Virginia, Georgetown University, New York University, and Wellesley College has been publicly acknowledged, if anonymously and circumspectly, since the 19th century.
British Universities, too, have a long history of secret societies or quasi-secret societies, such as The Pitt Club at Cambridge University, Bullingdon Club at Oxford University, and the 16' Club at St David's College.
Another British secret society is the Cambridge Apostles, founded as an essay and debating society in 1820. In France, Vandermonde is the secret society of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.
Notable examples in Canada[citation needed] include Episkopon at the University of Toronto's Trinity College, and the Society of Thoth at the University of British Columbia. Secret societies are disallowed in a few colleges.
The Virginia Military Institute has rules that no cadet may join a secret society, and secret societies have been banned at Oberlin College from 1847 to the present, and at Princeton University since the beginning of the 20th century. Confraternities in Nigeria are secret-society like student groups within higher education.
The exact death toll of confraternity activities is unclear. One estimate in 2002 was that 250 people had been killed in campus cult-related murders in the previous decade, while the Exam Ethics Project lobby group estimated that 115 students and teachers had been killed between 1993 and 2003.
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What is a Secret Society
A secret society is a club or an organization whose activities, events, inner functioning, or membership are concealed from non-members.
The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.
The exact qualifications for labeling a group as a secret society are disputed, but definitions generally rely on the degree to which the organization insists on secrecy, and might involve the retention and transmission of secret knowledge, the denial about membership or knowledge of the group, the creation of personal bonds between members of the organization, and the use of secret rites or rituals which solidify members of the group.
Anthropologically and historically, secret societies have been deeply interlinked with the concept of the Männerbund, the all-male "warrior-band" or "warrior-society" of pre-modern cultures.
A purported "family tree of secret societies" has been proposed, although it may not be comprehensive.
Alan Axelrod, author of the International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders, defines a secret society as an organization that: is exclusive claims to own special secrets shows a strong inclination to favor its members. David V. Barrett, author of Secret Societies:
From the Ancient and Arcane to the Modern and Clandestine, has used alternative terms to define what qualifies a secret society.
He defined it as any group that possesses the following characteristics: It has "carefully graded and progressed teachings". Teachings are "available only to selected individuals". Teachings lead to "hidden (and 'unique') truths".
Truths bring "personal benefits beyond the reach and even the understanding of the uninitiated." Barrett goes on to say that "a further characteristic common to most of them is the practice of rituals which non-members are not permitted to observe, or even to know the existence of."
Barrett's definition would rule out many organizations called secret societies; graded teaching is usually not part of the American college fraternities, the Carbonari, or the 19th century Know Nothings.
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The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.
The exact qualifications for labeling a group as a secret society are disputed, but definitions generally rely on the degree to which the organization insists on secrecy, and might involve the retention and transmission of secret knowledge, the denial about membership or knowledge of the group, the creation of personal bonds between members of the organization, and the use of secret rites or rituals which solidify members of the group.
Anthropologically and historically, secret societies have been deeply interlinked with the concept of the Männerbund, the all-male "warrior-band" or "warrior-society" of pre-modern cultures.
A purported "family tree of secret societies" has been proposed, although it may not be comprehensive.
Alan Axelrod, author of the International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders, defines a secret society as an organization that: is exclusive claims to own special secrets shows a strong inclination to favor its members. David V. Barrett, author of Secret Societies:
From the Ancient and Arcane to the Modern and Clandestine, has used alternative terms to define what qualifies a secret society.
He defined it as any group that possesses the following characteristics: It has "carefully graded and progressed teachings". Teachings are "available only to selected individuals". Teachings lead to "hidden (and 'unique') truths".
Truths bring "personal benefits beyond the reach and even the understanding of the uninitiated." Barrett goes on to say that "a further characteristic common to most of them is the practice of rituals which non-members are not permitted to observe, or even to know the existence of."
Barrett's definition would rule out many organizations called secret societies; graded teaching is usually not part of the American college fraternities, the Carbonari, or the 19th century Know Nothings.
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Rhodium - Illuminati symbol
Found on Earth in rare supply, it shines with a silvery white surface that immortalizes the power of this planet’s lunar companion.
Even in the darkest times, the moon illuminates humankind and brings harmony to life’s most ancient unity: the hallowed bond between the dark and the Light.
Real Rhodium metal is used to create the silver Rhodium Illuminati Talisman, which is worn as a mark of Illuminati affiliation by members who have dedicated their lives to the advancement of the human species.
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Even in the darkest times, the moon illuminates humankind and brings harmony to life’s most ancient unity: the hallowed bond between the dark and the Light.
Real Rhodium metal is used to create the silver Rhodium Illuminati Talisman, which is worn as a mark of Illuminati affiliation by members who have dedicated their lives to the advancement of the human species.
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